Mapolymer akakwana - mapolima anoenzanisa zvimiro zvemuviri uye mhedzisiro yezvakatipoteredza - haapo, asi polybutylene terephthalate (PBAT) iri padyo nekukwana kupfuura akawanda.
Mushure memakumi emakore ekutadza kumisa zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinopera mumarara nemakungwa, vagadziri vepolymer vekugadzira vari pasi pekumanikidzwa kutora mutoro.Vazhinji vari kuwedzera zvakapetwa kuedza kwavo kusimudzira kudzokorodza zvakare kuti vadzivise kushoropodzwa.Mamwe makambani ari kuyedza kugadzirisa dambudziko remarara nekudyara mu biodegradable bio-based mapurasitiki akadai sepolylactic acid (PLA) uye polyhydroxy fatty acid esters (PHA), netarisiro yekuti kuparara kwechisikigo kunoderedza imwe marara.
Asi zvese kudzokorodza uye biopolymers zvinosangana nezvipingamupinyi.Semuenzaniso, kunyangwe makore ekuedza, United States ichiri kudzokorora isingasviki gumi muzana yemapurasitiki.Uye bio-based polymers - kazhinji zvigadzirwa zvekuvirisa - zviri kunetsekana kuita uye chiyero chemapolymer ekugadzira avanoda kutsiva.
PBAT inosanganisa zvimwe zvinobatsira zvekugadzira uye bio-based polymers.Inotorwa kubva kune zvakajairika petrochemical zvigadzirwa - yakanatswa terephthalic acid (PTA), butanediol uye adipic acid, asi iyo biodegradable.Se polymer yekugadzira, inogona kugadzirwa nyore nyore, uye ine zvimiro zvemuviri zvinodiwa kugadzira mafirimu anochinjika anofananidzwa neaya echinyakare mapurasitiki.
Kufarira muPBAT kuri kuwedzera.Vagadziri vakasimwa vakaita seBASF yeGermany neNovamont yeItaly vari kuona kuwedzera kudiwa mushure memakumi emakore ekusimudzira musika.Vanosanganiswa nevanopfuura hafu yegumi nevaviri vagadziri vekuAsia vanotarisira kuti bhizinesi repolymer ribudirire sezvo hurumende dzematunhu dzinosundira kusimudzira.
Marc Verbruggen, aimbova CEO wePLA mugadziri weNatureWorks uye iye zvino ari chipangamazano akazvimiririra, anotenda kuti PBAT "ichigadzirwa chakachipa uye chiri nyore kugadzira bioplastic" uye anotenda kuti PBAT iri kuita iyo inonyanya kuchinjika bioplastic, iri pamberi pe poly succinate butanediol ester ( PBS) uye PHA vakwikwidzi.Uye ingangoita chinzvimbo padivi pePLA semapurasitiki maviri akanyanya kukosha anogona kucheneswa, ayo anoti ari kuita chigadzirwa chepamusoro chekushandisa kwakasimba.
Ramani Narayan, purofesa wemakemikari engineering paMichigan State University, akati nzvimbo huru yekutengesa yePBAT - biodegradability yayo - inobva kune ester bond, panzvimbo pekabhoni-kabhoni skeleton mumapolymer asina kuparara se polyethylene.Ester zvisungo zviri nyore hydrolyzed uye kukuvadzwa nema enzymes.
Semuenzaniso, polylactic asidhi uye PHA mapolyester anoshatisa kana ester mabhondi avo achiputsika.Asi iyo polyester yakajairika - polyethylene terephthalate (PET), inoshandiswa mu fiber uye mabhodhoro esoda - haiputsi nyore nyore.Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mhete inonhuhwirira muskeleton yayo inobva kuPTA.Sekureva kwaNarayan, zvindori zvinopa zvimiro zvinogadzirawo PET hydrophobic."Mvura haisi nyore kupinda uye inonotsa hurongwa hwese hwehydrolysis," akadaro.
Basf inogadzira polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyester yakagadzirwa kubva kubutanediol.Vatsvagiri vekambani vakatsvaga biodegradable polymer yavaigona kugadzira nyore.Vakatsiva imwe PTA muPBT neadipose diacid glycolic acid.Nenzira iyi, zvikamu zvinonhuhwirira zvepolymer zvinopatsanurwa kuitira kuti zvigone kuparara.Panguva imwecheteyo, PTA yakakwana inosara kupa iyo polymer yakakosha yemuviri zvivakwa.
Narayan anotenda kuti PBAT inoodza zvishoma pane PLA, inoda kuti manyowa emumaindasitiri aore.Asi haikwanise kukwikwidza nemaPHAs anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa, ayo ari biodegradable mumamiriro echisikigo, kunyangwe munzvimbo dzeMarine.
Nyanzvi dzinowanzofananidza hunhu hwePBAT kune yakaderera-density polyethylene, elastic polymer inoshandiswa kugadzira mafirimu, senge masaga emarara.
PBAT inowanzosanganiswa nePLA, iyo yakaoma polymer ine polystyrene-yakafanana zvivakwa.Basf's Ecovio mhando yakavakirwa pane iyi musanganiswa.Semuenzaniso, Verbruggen inoti bhegi rekutenga rinoita compostable rine 85% PBAT uye 15% PLA.
Novamont inowedzera imwe chiyero kune resipi.Iyo kambani inosanganisa PBAT uye mamwe biodegradable aliphatic anonhuwirira polyesters ane starch kugadzira resin kune chaiwo maapplication.
Stefano Facco, maneja mutsva wekuvandudza bhizinesi rekambani iyi, akati: "Mumakore makumi matatu apfuura, Novamont yakatarisa kune zvikumbiro izvo zvinokanganisa zvinogona kuwedzera kukosha kuchigadzirwa pachacho.“
Musika mukuru wePBAT imulch, iyo inoparadzirwa zvirimwa kudzivirira sora uye kubatsira kuchengetedza hunyoro.Kana firimu re polyethylene rinoshandiswa, rinofanira kudhonzwa uye rinowanzovigwa mumarara.Asi biodegradable mafirimu anogona kurimwa akananga muvhu.
Mumwe musika muhombe mabhegi emarara anogadzirwa necompostable sevhisi yechikafu uye kuunganidzwa kwemba kwechikafu nemarara yeyadhi.
Mabhegi kubva kumakambani akadai seBioBag, achangobva kuwanikwa neNovamont, akatengeswa kune vatengesi kwemakore.
Nguva yekutumira: 26-11-21