Composite zvinhu zvekugadzira tekinoroji ndiyo hwaro uye mamiriro ekuvandudza kweiyo composite zvinhu indasitiri. Nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo yekushandiswa kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa, indasitiri yemubatanidzwa yave kukura nekukurumidza, imwe nzira yekuumba iri kuvandudzwa, nzira nyowani dzekuumba dziri kuramba dzichibuda, parizvino kune anopfuura makumi maviri epolymer matrix composite nzira dzekuumba, uye dzakabudirira kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. zvakaita se:
(1) Hand paste forming process - wet lay-up form form;
(2) Kugadzira jeti;
(3) Resin transfer molding tekinoroji (RTM tekinoroji);
(4) Bag pressure nzira (pressure bag method) kuumba;
(5) Vacuum bhegi rinotsikirira kuumba;
(6) Autoclave kugadzira tekinoroji;
(7) Hydraulic kettle kugadzira tekinoroji;
(8) Thermal kuwedzera kuumba tekinoroji;
(9) Sandwich chimiro chekugadzira tekinoroji;
(10) Molding zvinhu kugadzirwa nzira;
(11) ZMC kuumba zvinhu jekiseni tekinoroji;
(12) Kuumba nzira;
(13) Laminate kugadzira tekinoroji;
(14) Rolling chubhu kugadzira tekinoroji;
(15) Fiber winding zvigadzirwa kugadzira tekinoroji;
(16) Kuenderera mberi kwekugadzira ndiro;
(17) Tekinoroji yekukanda;
(18) pultrusion molding process;
(19) Kuenderera mberi kupeta pombi kugadzira nzira;
(20) Kugadzira tekinoroji yezvinhu zvakarukwa zvakasanganiswa;
(21) Kugadzira tekinoroji ye thermoplastic sheet molds uye inotonhorera stamping molding process;
(22) jekiseni kuumba nzira;
(23) Extrusion molding process;
(24) Centrifugal kukanda chubhu kuumba nzira;
(25) Imwe yekugadzira tekinoroji.
Zvichienderana neresin matrix zvinhu zvakasarudzwa, nzira dziri pamusoro dzakakodzera kugadzirwa kwe thermosetting uye thermoplastic composites zvichiteerana, uye mamwe maitiro akakodzera ese ari maviri.
Composite zvigadzirwa zvinogadzira maitiro maitiro: zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira tekinoroji, composite zvinhu zvekugadzira maitiro ane zvinotevera maitiro:
(1) Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu uye kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa panguva imwe chete kupedzisa mamiriro ezvinhu, maitiro ekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinosanganiswa, ndiko kuti, kuumbwa kwezvigadzirwa. Kuita kwezvinhu kunofanirwa kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa, saka mukusarudzwa kwezvinhu, dhizaini reshiyo, tarisa iyo fiber layering uye yekuumba nzira, inofanirwa kusangana nemuviri uye makemikari zvimiro zvezvigadzirwa, chimiro chechimiro uye chimiro chechimiro. zvinodiwa.
(2) zvigadzirwa zvekuumba zviri nyore general thermosetting composite resin matrix, kuumba imvura inoyerera, yekusimbisa zvinhu yakapfava faibha kana machira, saka, nezvinhu izvi kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinoumbwa, inodiwa maitiro uye michina iri nyore kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu, kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa chete seti ye molds inogona kugadzirwa.
Kutanga, bata yakaderera pressure molding process
Iyo yekubata yakaderera pressure molding process inoratidzirwa nekuiswa kwemanyorero yekusimbisa, resin leaching, kana nyore chishandiso-chinobatsira kuiswa kwekusimbisa uye resin. Humwe hunhu hwekusangana kwakaderera-kumanikidza kuumba maitiro ndeyekuti kuumbwa kwemaitiro hakudi kushandisa kuumba kumanikidza (contact molding), kana kungoisa yakaderera molding pressure (0.01 ~ 0.7mpa pressure mushure mekubata kuumbwa, iyo yakanyanya kumanikidza haipfuure 2.0 mpa).
Bata yakaderera-kumanikidza kuumba maitiro, ndiyo yekutanga zvinhu muhurume mold, yechirume mold kana mold dhizaini chimiro, uyezve kuburikidza nekudziya kana kamuri tembiricha kurapa, kudhiza uyezve kuburikidza nekubatsira kugadzirisa uye zvigadzirwa. Yerudzi urwu rwekuumbwa kwekuita kuumbwa kwemaoko, kuumbwa kwejeti, bhegi kudzvanya, resin kutamisa kuumbwa, autoclave molding uye thermal kuwedzera kuumba (yakaderera kuumbwa kuumbwa). Iwo maviri ekutanga ndiwo ekutanga kuonana.
Mune yekubata yakaderera pressure yekuumba maitiro, iyo ruoko paste yekuumba maitiro ndiyo yekutanga kugadzirwa mukugadzirwa kwepolymer matrix composite zvinhu, iyo inonyanya kushanda siyana, dzimwe nzira kusimudzira uye kuvandudza kwemaoko kunamira kuumba maitiro. Mukana wakakura wekusangana kuumba maitiro ari nyore midziyo, kuchinjika kwakafara, kushomeka kwekudyara uye nekukurumidza kuita. Maererano nenhamba mumakore achangopfuura, kuonana yakaderera-kumanikidzwa kuumba muitiro munyika composite zvinhu maindasitiri kugadzirwa, vachiri kugara chikamu chikuru, akadai United States akaverengera 35%, Western Europe akaverenga 25%, Japan akaverengera 42%, China yakaita 75%. Izvi zvinoratidza kukosha uye kusadzoreredzwa kwekubata yakaderera kumanikidza kuumba tekinoroji mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu indasitiri yekugadzira, inzira yemaitiro isingazodzike. Asi kukanganisa kwayo kukuru ndiko kugona kwekugadzira kwakadzikira, kuwanda kwevashandi kwakakura, kudzokorora kwechigadzirwa kwakashata uye zvichingodaro.
1. Raw materials
Bata yakaderera yekumanikidza kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakasimbiswa zvinhu zvakasimbiswa, resin uye zvekubatsira zvinhu.
(1) Zvinhu zvakanatsiridzwa
Kubata kuumba zvinodiwa zvezvinhu zvakasimudzirwa: (1) zvinhu zvakagadziridzwa zviri nyore kuisirwa neresin; (2) Pane kukwana kwechimiro kusiyanisa kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekuumbwa zvezvimiro zvakaoma zvezvigadzirwa; (3) mabhuru ari nyore kubvisa; (4) inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari mashandiro emamiriro ekushandisa ezvigadzirwa; ⑤ Mutengo unonzwisisika (zvakachipa sezvinobvira), akawanda masosi.
Zvishandiso zvakasimbiswa zvekusangana kuumba zvinosanganisira girazi fiber uye jira rayo, kabhoni faibha nejira rayo, Arlene faibha nejira rayo, nezvimwe.
(2) Matrix zvinhu
Bata yakaderera yekumanikidza kuumbwa maitiro eiyo matrix zvinhu zvinodiwa: (1) pasi pemamiriro ekuisa ruoko, nyore kunyudza iyo fiber yakasimbiswa zvinhu, nyore kusabvisa mabhubhu, kunamatira kwakasimba nefiber; (2) Pamukamuri tembiricha anogona gel, kuomesa, uye zvinoda shrinkage, zvishoma volatiles; (3) Yakakodzera viscosity: kazhinji 0.2 ~ 0.5Pa · s, haigone kuburitsa glue kuyerera chiitiko; (4) isiri-chepfu kana yakaderera chepfu; Mutengo unonzwisisika uye sosi inovimbiswa.
Iyo inowanzoshandiswa resin mukugadzirwa ndeye: unsaturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bismaleimide resin, polyimide resin uye zvichingodaro.
Kuita zvinodiwa zveakati wandei maitirwo ekugadzira maitirwo eresin:
Molding nzira zvinodiwa resin zvivakwa
Kugadzirwa kwegel
1, kuumbwa hakuyerere, nyore kuburitsa furo
2, yunifomu toni, hapana inoyangarara ruvara
3, kukurumidza kurapa, pasina makwinya, kunamatira kwakanaka neresin
Kugadzika kwemaoko kuumba
1, kupinza kwakanaka, nyore kunyudza iyo fiber, nyore kubvisa mabhuru
2, kupararira mushure mekurapa nekukurumidza, kushoma kupisa kusunungurwa, shrinkage
3, inoputika zvishoma, pamusoro pechigadzirwa hachina kunamatira
4. Kunamatira kwakanaka pakati pezvikamu
Jekiseni kuumba
1. Ita shuwa zvinodikanwa zvekugadzira ruoko paste
2. Thixotropic kupora kare
3, tembiricha haina mhedzisiro pane resin viscosity
4. Iyo resin inofanirwa kuve yakakodzera kwenguva yakareba, uye viscosity haifanirwe kuwedzera mushure mekuwedzera kweiyo accelerator.
Bag molding
1, kunyorova kwakanaka, nyore kunyudza fiber, nyore kuburitsa mabubbles
2, kurapa nekukurumidza, kurapa kupisa kusvika kudiki
3, isiri nyore kuyerera glue, yakasimba adhesion pakati pezvikamu
(3) Zvishandiso zvebetsero
Kubata kuumba maitiro ezvekubatsira zvinhu, zvinonyanya kureva kuzadza uye ruvara mapoka maviri, uye anorapa mumiririri, diluent, toughening agent, yeresin matrix system.
2, mold uye mumiririri wekusunungura
(1) Zviumbwa
Mould ndiyo midziyo mikuru mumhando dzese dzekubatanidza kugadzira maitiro. Unhu hwehutu hunobata zvakananga hutano uye mari yechigadzirwa, saka inofanira kunyatsogadzirwa uye kugadzirwa.
Paunenge uchigadzira mold, zvinotevera zvinodikanwa zvinofanirwa kutariswa zvizere: (1) Sangana nemazvo zvinodiwa zvekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, ukuru hwefodya hwakarurama uye pamusoro pacho panyoro; (2) kuva nesimba rakakwana uye kuoma; (3) kugadzira zviri nyore; (4) kuve nekugadzikana kwekupisa kwakakwana; Uremu huremu, chitubu chakakwana uye mutengo wakaderera.
Mold structure inobata mold mold yakakamurwa kuita: murume mold, murume mold uye matatu marudzi e mold, zvisinei kuti ndeupi rudzi rwe mold, inogona kuenderana nehukuru, kuumba zvinodiwa, dhizaini yakazara kana yakaungana mold.
Kana iyo mold inogadzirwa, zvinotevera zvinodikanwa zvinofanirwa kusangana:
① Inogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvedimensional kurongeka, kutaridzika kwemhando uye hupenyu hwebasa rezvigadzirwa;
(2) Iyo mold zvinhu inofanira kuva nesimba rakakwana uye kuoma kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti mold haisi nyore kukanganiswa uye kukuvadzwa mukushandiswa kwekushandiswa;
(3) haina kusvibiswa neresin uye haina kukanganisa kurapa resin;
(4) Yakanaka kupisa kupisa, kurapa kwechigadzirwa uye kupisa kupisa, mold haina kuremara;
(5) Nyore kugadzira, nyore kugadzira;
(6) zuva rekudzikisa huremu hwekuumbwa, kugadzirwa kuri nyore;
⑦ Mutengo wacho wakachipa uye zvinhu zvacho zviri nyore kuwana. Zvishandiso zvinogona kushandiswa sezviumbwa zvinonamira nemaoko ndezvi: huni, simbi, gypsum, simende, simbi yakaderera inonyungudika, mapurasitiki akaomeswa nefuro uye mapurasitiki akasimbiswa.
Release agent zvinodiwa:
1. Haisi kukanganisa mold, haina kukanganisa resin kuporesa, resin adhesion iri pasi pe0.01mpa;
(2) Ipfupi firimu kugadzira nguva, yunifomu ukobvu, yakatsetseka pamusoro;
Kushandiswa kwekuchengetedza, hapana chepfu mhedzisiro;
(4) kupisa kupisa, kunogona kupiswa nekushisa kwekurapa;
⑤ Zviri nyore kushanda uye zvakachipa.
Iyo yekuburitsa mumiriri wekubata kuumba maitiro anonyanya kusanganisira firimu rekuburitsa mumiriri, fluid kuburitsa mumiriri uye mafuta, wax kuburitsa mumiriri.
Hand paste forming process
Maitiro ekuyerera kwemaoko paste kugadzira ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Kugadzirira kugadzira
Saizi yesaiti yekushanda yekumisikidza ruoko ichatemerwa zvichienderana nehukuru hwechigadzirwa uye zuva nezuva kubuda. Nzvimbo yacho ichave yakachena, yakaoma uye ine mhepo yakanaka, uye tembiricha yemhepo ichachengetwa iri pakati pe15 ne35 degrees Celsius. Iyo post-processing rerbishment chikamu ichave ine exhaust yekubvisa guruva uye mvura yekupfapfaidza mudziyo.
Kugadzirira mold kunosanganisira kuchenesa, kusangana uye kuburitsa mumiririri.
Apo guruu resin rinogadzirwa, tinofanira kubhadhara kune zvinetso zviviri: (1) kudzivirira guruu kubva pakusanganisa mabhuru; (2) Huwandu hwenamo hahufanire kunge hwakawandisa, uye huwandu hwega hwega hunofanira kushandiswa pamberi pejeli resin.
Zvinhu zvekusimbisa Mhando uye zvinyorwa zvezvinhu zvekusimbisa zvinofanira kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira.
(2) Kunamira uye kurapa
Layer-paste manual layer-paste yakakamurwa kuita yemvura nzira uye yakaoma nzira mbiri: (1) yakaoma layer-prepreg jira seyakabikwa, iyo isati yadzidza zvinhu (jira) zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso wakachekwa kuita zvakaipa, layer-inopfavisa kupisa. , uye wobva waisa ne layer pane mold, uye teerera kuti ubvise mabubbles pakati pezvikamu, zvekuti dense. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa kune autoclave uye kuumba bhegi. (2) Wet layering yakananga mu mold inosimbisa iyo dip, layer by layer padyo ne mold, bvisa mabubbles, zviite dense. General hand paste process neiyi nzira yekuisa. Wet layering yakakamurwa kuita gelcoat layer paste uye chimiro layer paste.
Hand pasting turusi Ruoko rwekumisa chishandiso chine simba guru pakuita kuti chigadzirwa chemhando. Kune mvere dzemakwai, bristle roller, spiral roller uye saha yemagetsi, drill yemagetsi, polishing machine zvichingodaro.
Solidify zvigadzirwa zvinosimbisa cent sclerosis uye yakaibva nhanho mbiri: kubva gel kuenda kutrigonal shanduko inoda 24h kazhinji, iko zvino simbisa dhigirii kusvika 50% ~ 70% (ba Ke kuomarara dhigirii iri 15), inogona demolom, mushure mekubvisa simbisa pazasi pezvakasikwa mamiriro ezvinhu. 1 ~ 2 mavhiki kugona kunoita kuti zvigadzirwa zvive nesimba remuchina, toti yakaibva, dhigirii rayo rekusimbisa rinosvika 85% pamusoro. Kupisa kunogona kukurudzira nzira yekurapa. Kune polyester girazi simbi, kudziyisa pa80 ℃ kwe3h, ye epoxy girazi simbi, positi yekurapa tembiricha inogona kudzorwa mukati me150 ℃. Kune akawanda ekupisa uye nzira dzekurapa, zvepakati uye zvidiki zvigadzirwa zvinogona kudziyiswa uye kuporeswa muchoto chekurapa, zvigadzirwa zvakakura zvinogona kudziyisa kana kupisa infrared.
(3)Dkushongedza uye kupfeka
Demoulding demoulding kuona kuti chigadzirwa hachina kukuvara. Demoulding nzira dzakaita sedzinotevera: (1) Iyo ejection yedhizaini yekumisikidza yakanyudzwa muforoma, uye screw inotenderedzwa kana ichidhirowa kuti ibudise chigadzirwa. The pressure demoulding mold ine compressed mhepo kana mvura inlet, demoulding achava compressed mhepo kana mvura (0.2mpa) pakati chakuvhe uye chigadzirwa, panguva imwe chete nehuni sando uye rabha sando, kuitira kuti chigadzirwa uye mold kupatsanurwa. (3) Demoulding yezvigadzirwa zvakakura (sezvikepe) nerubatsiro rwejack, cranes uye hardwood wedges nezvimwe zvishandiso. (4) Zvigadzirwa zvakaomesesa zvinogona kushandisa manyorero ekudhirodha nzira yekunamira maviri kana matatu akaturikidzana eFRP pane mold, kuti aporeswe mushure mekusvuura kubva muforoma, uye wozoisa pane mold kuti ienderere kunamira kune dhizaini ukobvu, zviri nyore bvisa kubva mukuumbwa mushure mekurapa.
Kupfeka kupfeka kwakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: imwe saizi yekupfeka, imwe yacho kugadzirisa. (1) Mushure mekugadzira saizi yezvigadzirwa, zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekugadzira kuti ucheke chikamu chakawandisa; (2) Kugadziriswa kwekuremara kunosanganisira kugadzirisa kweperforation, bubble, kugadzirisa kutsemuka, kusimbiswa kwegomba, nezvimwe.
Jet kugadzira nzira
Jet yekugadzira tekinoroji kuvandudzwa kwemaoko ekunamira kugadzira, semi - mechanized degree. Jet yekugadzira tekinoroji inoverengera chikamu chikuru mukuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakaumbwa, senge 9.1% muUnited States, 11.3% muWestern Europe, uye 21% muJapan. Parizvino, michina yekuumba jekiseni yemumba inonyanya kutengwa kubva kuUnited States.
(1) Jet yekugadzira maitiro musimboti uye zvakanakira uye nekuipa
Jekiseni molding process inosanganiswa neyekutanga uye mutsigiri wemhando mbiri dzepolyester, zvichiteerana kubva papfuti yekupfapfaidza kumativi ese, uye ichacheka fiberglass roving, nechepakati petochi, kusanganisa neresin, kuisa kune mold, kana dhipoziti. kune imwe ukobvu, ne roller compaction, ita fiber saturated resin, bvisa mabhuru emhepo, anoporeswa kuita zvigadzirwa.
Zvakanakira jet molding: (1) kushandisa girazi fiber roving pachinzvimbo chejira, kunogona kuderedza mutengo wezvinhu; (2) Kubudirira kwekugadzira kwakakwira 2-4 nguva yakakwira kupfuura ruoko runyoro; (3) Chigadzirwa chine kuvimbika kwakanaka, hapana majoini, yakakwira interlayer shear simba, yakakwira resin yemukati, yakanaka corrosion resistance uye leakage resistance; (4) inogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwekuputira, kucheka machira emachira uye yakasara yeglue mvura; Saizi yechigadzirwa uye chimiro hachibvumirwe. Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvi: (1) yakakwirira resin content, zvigadzirwa zvesimba zvishoma; (2) chigadzirwa chinogona kungoita rutivi rumwe chete; ③ Inosvibisa nharaunda uye inokuvadza hutano hwevashandi.
Jet kuumba kunyatsoshanda kusvika ku15kg/min, saka yakakodzera kugadzira hull hombe. Yakave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya kugadzirisa tabhu yekugezera, chivharo chemuchina, chimbuzi chakabatanidzwa, zvikamu zvemuviri wemotokari uye zvigadzirwa zvakakura zvekuyamura.
(2) Kugadzirira kugadzira
Pamusoro pekusangana nezvinodiwa zvekunamira kwemaoko maitiro, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune mhepo kupera kwemamiriro ekunze. Maererano nehukuru hwechigadzirwa, imba yekushanda inogona kuvharwa kuchengetedza simba.
Kugadzirira zvinhu mbishi zvinhu zvinonyanya resin (kunyanya unsaturated polyester resin) uye isina kumonereka girazi fiber roving.
Kugadzirira mold kunosanganisira kuchenesa, kusangana uye kuburitsa mumiririri.
Jekiseni rekugadzira jekiseni rekushandisa jekiseni rekuumba muchina rakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: tangi yekumanikidza uye rudzi rwepombi: (1) Pombi yemhando jekiseni rekuumba muchina, ndiyo resin initiator uye accelerator zvakateerana zvakapombirwa kune static musanganisi, yakanyatso kusanganiswa uye yozobudiswa nepfapfaidzo. pfuti, inozivikanwa semhando yepfuti yakasanganiswa. Zvikamu zvaro pneumatic control system, resin pump, aixiliary pump, mixer, spray gun, fiber cutting injector, etc. Resin pombi uye pombi yekubatsira yakabatanidzwa zvakasimba ne rocker arm. Rongedza chinzvimbo chepombi yekubatsira pane rocker ruoko kuti ive nechokwadi chechikamu chezviyo. Pasi pechiito chemhepo compressor, resin uye anobatsira mumiriri anosanganiswa zvakaenzana mumusanganisi uye anoumbwa nemadonhwe epfuti yekupfapfaidza, ayo anoramba achipfapfaidza pamusoro peforoma nefiber yakachekwa. Uyu muchina wejeti unongova nepfuti yekupuruzira glue, chimiro chakareruka, huremu huremu, marara mashoma ekutanga, asi nekuda kwekusanganiswa muhurongwa, inofanirwa kucheneswa nekukurumidza mushure mekupedzwa, kuitira kudzivirira kuvharika kwejekiseni. (2) Iyo yekumanikidza tangi yemhando glue yekugovera jet muchina ndeyekuisa resin glue mune yekumanikidza tangi zvichiteerana, uye kugadzira glue mupfuti yekupfapfaidza kuti irambe ichipfapfaidza nekumanikidza kwegasi mutangi. Iyo ine matangi maviri eresin, pombi, vharafu, pfuti yekupfapfaidza, fiber yekucheka injector, trolley uye bracket. Paunenge uchishanda, batanidza iyo yakamanikidzwa mhepo sosi, ita kuti mweya wakamanikidzwa upfuure nemumhepo-yemvura inoparadzanisa mutangi resin, girazi fiber cutter uye pfuti yekupfapfaidza, kuitira kuti resin negirazi fiber zvirambe zvichibudiswa nepfuti yekupfapfaidza, resin atomization, girazi fiber dispersion, yakasanganiswa zvakaenzana uye yobva yanyura kune mold. Iyi jeti iresin yakasanganiswa kunze kwepfuti, saka hazvisi nyore kuvhara muromo wepfuti.
(3) Spray molding process control
Ijection process paramita sarudzo: ① Resin zvemukati pfapfaidza zvigadzirwa zvekuumba, resin zvemukati kutonga panenge 60%. Kana iyo resin viscosity iri 0.2Pa · s, iyo resin tank pressure ndeye 0.05-0.15mpa, uye atomization pressure ndeye 0.3-0.55mpa, kufanana kwezvikamu zvinogona kuvimbiswa. (3) Kusanganiswa kureba kweresin yakapfapfaidzwa neAngle yakasiyana yepfuti yekupfapfaidza yakasiyana. Kazhinji, Angle ye20 ° inosarudzwa, uye chinhambwe chiri pakati pepfuti yekupfapfaidza uye mold ndeye 350 ~ 400mm. Kuti uchinje chinhambwe, Iyo Angle yepfuti yekupfapfaidza inofanira kunge yakakwira-kumhanya kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti chikamu chega chega chinosanganiswa mumharadzano iri padhuze nepamusoro pe mold kudzivirira glue kubhururuka kure.
Kupfapfaidza kuumba kunofanira kucherechedzwa: (1) ambient tembiricha inofanira kudzorwa pa (25±5) ℃, yakawandisa, nyore kukonzera kuvharika kwepfuti yekupfapfaidza; Kunyanya kuderera, kusaenzana kusanganisa, kunonoka kupora; (2) Hapana mvura inobvumirwa mujet system, kana zvisina kudaro kunaka kwechigadzirwa kuchakanganiswa; (3) Usati wagadzira, pfapfaidza chidimbu cheresin pane mold, wobva wapfapfaidza resin fiber musanganiswa layer; (4) Usati wagadzira jekiseni, tanga wagadzirisa kudzvanywa kwemhepo, kudzora resin uye girazi fiber content; (5) Pfuti yekupfapfaidza inofanira kufamba zvakaenzana kudzivirira kubuda nekupfapfaidza. Haikwanise kuenda mu arc. Kupindirana pakati pemitsara miviri iri pasi pe 1/3, uye kuvhara uye kukora kunofanira kunge kwakafanana. Mushure mekupfapfaidza dhizaini, nekukurumidza shandisa roller compaction, inofanirwa kutarisisa kumicheto uye concave uye convex pamusoro, ita shuwa kuti imwe neimwe layer inotsikirirwa sandara, inopedza mabhuru, kudzivirira nefiber yakakonzeresa burrs; Mushure mechikamu chega chega chepfapfaidzo, kutarisa, inokodzera mushure mechikamu chinotevera chepfapfaidzo; ⑧ Yekupedzisira layer yekupfapfaidza zvimwe, ita kuti nzvimbo iite zvakanaka; ⑨ Chenesa jeti pakarepo mushure mekushandisa kudzivirira kusimba kweresin uye kukuvara kwemidziyo.
Resin kuendesa kuumba
Resin Transfer Molding yakapfupikiswa seRTM. RTM yakatanga muma1950s, ndiyo yakavharwa yekugadzira tekinoroji yemaoko paste molding process process, inogona kugadzira maviri-mativi emwenje zvigadzirwa. Munyika dzekunze, Resin Injection uye Pressure Infection inosanganisirwa muchikamu ichi.
Iyo yakakosha musimboti weRTM ndeyekuisa iyo girazi fiber yakasimbiswa zvinhu mugomba rekuumbwa kweakavharwa mold. Iyo resin gel inopinzwa mugomba rekuumbwa nekumanikidza, uye iyo girazi fiber yakasimbiswa zvinhu inonyoroveswa, yobva yaporeswa, uye chigadzirwa chakaumbwa chinoderedzwa.
Kubva padanho rekutanga rekutsvagisa, kutsvagisa uye kutungamira kweRTM tekinoroji ichasanganisira microcomputer inodzorwa jekiseni unit, yakagadziridzwa zvinhu preforming tekinoroji, yakaderera-mutengo mold, nekukurumidza resin kurapa system, kugadzikana kwemaitiro uye kuchinjika, nezvimwe.
Hunhu hweRTM kugadzira tekinoroji: (1) inogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemativi maviri; (2) Kushanda kwepamusoro kwekugadzira, kwakakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepakati zveFRP (zvisingasviki 20000 zvidimbu / gore); ③RTM ishandiso yakavharwa mold, isingasvibise nharaunda uye isingakuvadze hutano hwevashandi; (4) iyo yekusimbisa zvinhu inogona kuiswa mune chero nzira, nyore kuona iyo yekusimbisa zvinhu zvinoenderana nekushushikana mamiriro echigadzirwa sampu; (5) zvishoma zvigadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwesimba; ⑥ Mari shoma mukuvaka fekitori, nekukurumidza.
RTM tekinoroji inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, zvekufambisa, kufonera, hutano, aerospace uye mamwe maindasitiri minda. Zvigadzirwa zvatakagadzira ndezvi: dzimba dzemotokari uye zvikamu, zvinhu zvekuvaraidza mota, spiral pulp, 8.5m refu mhepo turbine blade, radome, muchina chivharo, tabhu, imba yekugezera, swimming pool board, chigaro, tangi remvura, nhare mbozha, telegraph pole. , yacht diki, nezvimwe.
(1) RTM maitiro uye michina
Iyo yese yekugadzira maitiro eRTM yakakamurwa kuita gumi nerimwe maitiro. Vashandi uye zvishandiso uye zvishandiso zvega rega rega zvakagadziriswa. Iyo mold inotakurwa nemota uye inopfuura nepakati pega rega kuita kuti ione kuyerera kushanda. Nguva yekutenderera ye mold pamutsetse wegungano inotaridza kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa zvidiki zvinowanzo tora maminetsi gumi chete, uye kutenderera kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakura kunogona kudzorwa mukati me1h.
Molding midziyo RTM yekuumba midziyo inonyanya kushandiswa resin jekiseni muchina uye mold.
Resin jekiseni muchina inoumbwa resin pombi uye jekiseni pfuti. Pombi yeresin seti yepiston inodzorera pombi, kumusoro ipombi yeaerodynamic. Kana mweya wakadzvanyirirwa uchityaira piston yepombi yemhepo kuti ifambe ichikwira nekudzika, pombi yeresin inopomba resin mudura resin quantitatively kuburikidza nemutongi wekuyerera uye sefa. Iyo lateral lever inoita iyo catalyst pombi kufamba uye kuwanda kupomba iyo catalyst kudhiza. Mhepo yakadzvinyirirwa inozadzwa mumadhirimu maviri kuti igadzire simba rebhafa rakatarisana nepombi yekumanikidza, kuve nechokwadi chekuyerera kwakadzikama kweresin uye catalyst kumusoro wejekiseni. Jekiseni pfuti mushure mekutenderera kuyerera mumusanganisi wakamira, uye inogona kugadzira resin uye catalyst iri mumamiriro ekusava negasi kusanganisa, jekiseni mold, uyezve masanganisi epfuti ane detergent inlet dhizaini, ine 0.28 MPa pressure solvent tank, kana muchina. mushure mekushandisa, batidza switch, otomatiki solvent, jekiseni pfuti kuchenesa.
② Mold RTM mold yakakamurwa kuita girazi simbi mold, girazi simbi pamusoro akapfekwa simbi mold uye simbi mold. Fiberglass molds zviri nyore kugadzira uye zvakachipa, polyester fiberglass molds inogona kushandiswa 2,000 times, epoxy fiberglass molds inogona kushandiswa 4,000 times. Iyo girazi faibha yakasimbisa epurasitiki mold ine goridhe-yakaputirwa pamusoro inogona kushandiswa kupfuura 10000 nguva. Metal molds haawanzo shandiswa muiyo RTM maitiro. Kazhinji kutaura, muripo wekuumbwa kweRTM ingori 2% kusvika 16% yeiyo yeSMC.
(2) RTM mbishi zvinhu
RTM inoshandisa mbishi zvinhu senge resin system, yekusimbisa zvinhu uye filler.
Resin system IYO huru resin inoshandiswa muRTM process is unsaturated polyester resin.
Kusimbisa zvinhu General RTM yekusimbisa zvinhu zvinonyanya girazi fiber, zvirimo zviri 25% ~ 45% (uremu reshiyo); Inowanzo shandiswa yekusimbisa zvinhu igirazi fiber inoramba ichinzwa, inoumbwa inonzwa uye checkerboard.
Mafirita akakosha kuhurongwa hweRTM nekuti haangodzikisi mutengo uye kuvandudza mashandiro, asi zvakare anotora kupisa panguva ye exothermic chikamu chekurapa resin. Anowanzo shandiswa mafirita aruminiyamu hydroxide, girazi bead, calcium carbonate, mica uye zvichingodaro. Chiyero chayo 20% ~ 40%.
Bag kumanikidza nzira, autoclave nzira, hydraulic kettle nzira uyethermal kuwedzera kuumba nzira
Bag kumanikidza nzira, autoclave nzira, hydraulic kettle nzira uye yekupisa yekuwedzera yekuumba nzira inozivikanwa seyakaderera kuumbwa kwemaitiro. Maitiro ayo ekuumba ndeye kushandisa iyo yemanyorero paving nzira, iyo yekusimbisa zvinhu uye resin (kusanganisira prepreg zvinhu) zvinoenderana nedhizaini dhizaini uye kurongeka dhizaini neyakagadzika pane mold, mushure mekusvika pahukobvu hwakatsanangurwa, nekumanikidza, kupisa, kurapa, kudhiza, kupfeka uye kuwana zvigadzirwa. Musiyano uripo pakati penzira ina uye ruoko rwekugadzira namatidza nzira inongorara mukuita kwekumanikidza kurapa. Naizvozvo, ingori kuvandudzwa kwemaoko ekunamira kugadzira maitiro, kuitira kuvandudza density yezvigadzirwa uye interlayer bonding simba.
Iine simba rakakura regirazi faibha, kabhoni faibha, boron faibha, aramong faibha uye epoxy resin semidziyo yakabikwa, yakakwira performance composite zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa ne low pressure molding method zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya mundege, makombi, satellite uye space shuttle. Zvakadai semagonhi endege, fairing, radome yendege, bracket, bapiro, muswe, bulkhead, madziro uye ndege yakavanzika.
(1) Bag pressure nzira
Bag kudzvanya kuumbwa ndiko kuumbwa kwemaoko kwezvigadzirwa zvisina kusimbiswa, kuburikidza nemabhegi erabha kana zvimwe zvinhu elastic kuisa gasi kana dzvinyiriro yemvura, kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zviri pasi pekumanikidza dense, zviome.
Zvakanakira nzira yekugadzira bhegi ndeiyi: (1) yakatsetseka pamativi ese echigadzirwa; ② Chinja kune polyester, epoxy uye phenolic resin; Huremu hwechigadzirwa hwakakwirira kudarika hand paste.
Bhegi rekumanikidza kuumbwa kuita yekumanikidza bhegi nzira uye vacuum bhegi nzira 2: (1) yekumanikidza bhegi nzira yekumanikidza bhegi nzira ndeyekunamira ruoko kuumbwa kwete yakaomeswa zvigadzirwa mubhegi rerabha, yakagadzika ndiro yekuvharisa, uyezve kuburikidza nemhepo yakamanikidzwa kana chiutsi (0.25 ~ 0.5mpa), kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zviri munzvimbo inopisa yekutsikirira zviome. (2) Vacuum bhegi nzira iyi nzira ndeyekuisa nemaoko maumbirwo asina kusimba zvigadzirwa, nerubber firimu, zvigadzirwa pakati perabha firimu uye mold, chisimbiso periphery, vacuum (0.05 ~ 0.07mpa), kuitira kuti mabhubhu uye anoputika. mune zvigadzirwa hazvibatanidzwe. Nekuda kweiyo diki vacuum pressure, iyo vacuum yekugadzira bhegi nzira inongoshandiswa kunyorova kuumbwa kwepolyester uye epoxy composite zvigadzirwa.
(2) hot pressure kettle uye hydraulic kettle nzira
Inopisa autoclaved kettle uye hydraulic kettle nzira iri mugasi resimbi, kuburikidza neyakamanikidzwa gasi kana mvura pane isina kusimbiswa ruoko namatidza zvigadzirwa kudziyisa, kudzvanywa, kuita kuti ive yakasimba kuumba maitiro.
Autoclave nzira autoclave ndeye yakachinjika simbi yekumanikidza midziyo, isina kugadziriswa ruoko paste zvigadzirwa, pamwe neakavharwa mabhegi epurasitiki, vacuum, uyezve ne mold ine mota kusimudzira autoclave, kuburikidza nemhepo (kudzvanywa iri 1.5 ~ 2.5mpa), uye vacuum, yakamanikidzwa. zvigadzirwa, kupisa, kubuda kwebubble, kuitira kuti isimbise pasi pemamiriro ekupisa kunopisa. Iyo inosanganisa zvakanakira yekumanikidza bhegi nzira uye vacuum bhegi nzira, ine pfupi kugadzirwa kutenderera uye yakakwirira chigadzirwa mhando. Kupisa autoclave nzira inogona kuburitsa yakakura saizi, yakaoma chimiro chemhando yepamusoro, yakakwira performance composite zvigadzirwa. Kukura kwechigadzirwa kunogumira ne autoclave. Parizvino, autoclave huru muChina ine dhayamita ye2.5m uye kureba kwemamita gumi nemasere. Zvigadzirwa zvakagadziridzwa uye kushandiswa zvinosanganisira bapiro, muswe, satellite antenna reflector, missile reentry body uye airborne sandwich chimiro radome. Kunyanya kukanganisa kweiyi nzira ndeyekudyara kwemidziyo, uremu, chimiro chakaoma, mutengo wakakwira.
Hydraulic kettle nzira Hydraulic kettle ndiyo yakavharwa yekumanikidza mudziyo, iyo vhoriyamu idiki pane inopisa yekumanikidza kettle, yakatwasuka yakaiswa, kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekudzvanywa kwemvura inopisa, pane isina kusimbiswa ruoko namatidza zvigadzirwa zvinopisa, kumanikidzwa, kuti zviome. Kumanikidzwa kwe hydraulic kettle inogona kusvika 2MPa kana kupfuura, uye tembiricha i80 ~ 100 ℃. Mutakuri wemafuta, kupisa kusvika ku200 ℃. Chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa neiyi nzira chakaomarara, chipfupi kutenderera, iyo yakashata yehydraulic kettle nzira ndeyekudyara kukuru mumidziyo.
(3) kupisa kwekuwedzera kwekuumba nzira
Thermal yekuwedzera molding inzira inoshandiswa kugadzira buri rakatetepa madziro akakwira performance composite zvigadzirwa. Nheyo yayo yekushanda ndeye kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana yekuwedzera coefficient ye mold zvinhu, kushandiswa kwayo inopisa vhoriyamu kuwedzera kweakasiyana extrusion pressure, kuvakwa kwechigadzirwa pressure. Iyo yechirume mold yemafuta ekuwedzera ekuumba nzira ndeyesilicon rabha ine yakakura yekuwedzera coefficient, uye iyo yechikadzi mold isimbi ine diki yekuwedzera coefficient. Zvigadzirwa zvisina kusimbiswa zvinoiswa pakati pemurume mold nehadzi mold nemaoko. Nekuda kweiyo yakasiyana yekuwedzera coefficient yeyakanaka uye yakaipa molds, kune yakakura deformation musiyano, iyo inoita kuti zvigadzirwa zviome mukupisa kunopisa.
Nguva yekutumira: 29-06-22