Iva nechokwadi chekuomesa
Nylon inowedzera hygroscopic, kana yakafumurwa kumhepo kwenguva yakareba, inotora unyoro mumhepo.Pakupisa kuri pamusoro penzvimbo yekunyungudika (inenge 254 ° C), mamorekuru emvura anoita kemikari nenaironi.Iyi kemikari inoita, inonzi hydrolysis kana cleavage, inobvisa nylon uye inoibvisa.Huremu hwemamorekuru uye kuoma kweresin kunenge kwakadzikira, uye fluidity inowedzera.Iyo mwando inotorwa nepurasitiki uye gasi rakatsemuka kubva pajoining clamping zvikamu, chiedza chinoumbwa pamusoro hachina kutsvedzerera, sirivheri zviyo, makwapa, microspores, mabhubhu, inorema kunyunguduka kuwedzera hakugone kuumbwa kana kuumbwa mushure mekunge simba remagetsi raderera zvakanyanya.Pakupedzisira, naironi yakatsemurwa neiyi hydrolysis haigoneki zvachose uye haigone kushandiswa zvakare kunyangwe ikaomeswa zvakare.
Nylon zvinhu zvisati zvaitwa jekiseni rekuumba kuomesa mashandiro zvinofanirwa kutorwa zvakakomba, kuomesa kusvika padanho ripi nezvinodiwa zvezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa kusarudza, kazhinji 0.25% pazasi, zvaive nani zvisingapfuure 0.1%, chero mbishi wakaoma zvakanaka, jekiseni rekuumba riri zviri nyore, zvikamu hazvizounzi dambudziko rakawanda pamhando.
Nylon yaive nani kushandisa vacuum drying, nekuti tembiricha yekuomeswa kwemuchadenga yakakwira, iyo mbishi inofanira kuomeswa ichiripo kusangana neokisijeni mumhepo uye mukana wekuti oxidation iparare, yakawandisa oxidation ichavawo nemhedzisiro, saka. kuti kugadzirwa kwebrittle.
Mukushaikwa kwemidziyo yekuomesa vacuum, kuomeswa kwemuchadenga kunogona kushandiswa chete, kunyangwe mhedzisiro yacho isina kunaka.Kune akawanda mazwi akasiyana ekuomeswa kwemamiriro ekunze, asi heano mashoma.Yokutanga ndiyo 60 ℃ ~ 70 ℃, zvinhu layer ukobvu 20mm, kubika 24h ~ 30h;Yechipiri haisi kupfuura 10h kana ichiomesa pazasi 90 ℃;Chechitatu chiri pa93 ℃ kana pasi, kuomesa 2h ~ 3h, nokuti mumhepo tembiricha kupfuura 93 ℃ uye inopfuurira 3h pamusoro, zvinokwanisika kuita naironi ruvara shanduko, saka tembiricha inofanira kuderedzwa kusvika 79 ℃;Yechina ndeyekuwedzera tembiricha inopfuura 100 ℃, kana kunyange 150 ℃, nekuda kwekutarisisa kuratidzwa kwenylon kumhepo kwenguva yakareba kana nekuda kwekusashanda zvakanaka kwemidziyo yekuomesa;Yechishanu ijekiseni rekugadzira muchina unopisa mhepo hopper kuomesa, tembiricha yemhepo inopisa muhopper inosimudzwa kusvika isingasviki 100 ℃ kana kupfuura, kuitira kuti hunyoro huri mupurasitiki hufe.Ipapo mweya unopisa unotorwa uchienda kumusoro kwehopi.
Kana iyo ipurasitiki yakaoma inoratidzwa mumhepo, inokurumidza kutora mvura mumhepo uye inorasikirwa nekuoma.Kunyangwe mune yakavharwa muchina hopper, nguva yekuchengetedza haifanirwe kunge yakareba, kazhinji isingapfuuri awa imwe mumazuva ekunaya, mazuva ezuva anogumira kumaawa matatu.
Dzora tembiricha yebhari
Nylon inonyungudika tembiricha yakakwira, asi kana yasvika painonyungudika, viscosity yayo yakadzikira pane general thermoplastics senge polystyrene, saka kugadzira fluidity harisi dambudziko.Uye zvakare, nekuda kweiyo rheological properties yenylon, iyo inooneka viscosity inodzikira kana shear rate ichiwedzera, uye tembiricha yekunyunguduka yakatetepa, pakati pe3 ℃ ne5 ℃, saka tembiricha yepamusoro ndiyo vimbiso yekuzadza mold.
Asi nylon iri mukunyunguduka kana kugadzikana kwekupisa kuri kushoma, kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakanyanyisa zvine mwero nguva yekupisa inogona kukonzeresa kuparara kwepolymer, kuitira kuti zvigadzirwa zviratidzike semapupu, simba rinodzikira.Nokudaro, kutonhora kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhodhoro kunofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba, kuitira kuti pellet mumhepo yakanyanyisa yakanyunguduka, mamiriro ekupisa anonzwisisika sezvinobvira, mamwe mayunifomu, kudzivisa kunyunguduka kwakashata uye chiitiko chepamusoro chekupisa.Kana iri kuumbwa kwese, kutonhora kwebhodhoro hakufaniri kudarika 300 ℃, uye nguva yekupisa yepellet mubhodhoro haifaniri kudarika 30min.
Zvigadzirwa zvemidziyo zvakavandudzwa
Yekutanga ndiyo mamiriro ari mubhodhoro, kunyangwe paine huwandu hukuru hwejekiseni remberi, asi kudzoreredza kuyerera kwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa mu screw groove uye kuvuza pakati pekupedzisira kwescrew uye mukati memadziro emukati mbiru yakarerekera inowedzera. nekuda kweiyo yakakura liquidity, iyo isingangodzikisi iyo inoshanda jekiseni kudzvanywa uye huwandu hwekudya, asi zvakare dzimwe nguva inotadzisa kufambira mberi kwakanaka kwekudyisa, kuitira kuti screw isakwanise kutsvedza kumashure.Naizvozvo, cheki loop inofanira kuiswa kumberi kwembiru kudzivirira kuyerera.Asi mushure mekuisa cheki mhete, tembiricha yemidziyo inofanirwa kuwedzera ne10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ zvinoenderana, kuitira kuti kurasikirwa kwekumanikidza kunogona kubhadharwa.
Yechipiri ndiyo muromo, jekiseni chiito chinopedzwa, screw back, iyo yakanyungudutswa muchoto chemberi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakasara inogona kuyerera ichibva mumuromo, ndiko kuti, iyo inonzi "salivation phenomenon".Kana zvinhu kuti salivated kupinda mhango kuchaita kuti mativi anotonhora zvinhu makwapa kana zvakaoma kuzadza, kana nozzle pamusoro chakuvhe asati kubviswa, uye zvikuru akawedzera kushanda dambudziko, upfumi haina mari-inoshanda.Iyo inzira inoshanda yekudzora tembiricha yemhino nekuisa yakaparadzana yakagadziridzwa kudziyisa mhete pamuromo, asi yakakosha nzira ndeyekuchinja muromo neinobuda-gomba vharafu.Ehe, chitubu chinoshandiswa nerudzi urwu rwemupumburu chinofanirwa kushingirira kune tembiricha yakakwira, zvikasadaro inorasikirwa nekuita kwayo nekuda kwekudzokororwa kudzvanywa kunowedzera pakupisa.
Ita shuwa kupera kwekufa uye kudzora tembiricha yekufa
Nekuda kwenzvimbo yakakwira yekunyungudika yenylon, zvakare, nzvimbo yekutonhora kwayo yakakwira zvakare, iyo inonyunguduka mumhepo inotonhora inogona kusimba chero nguva nekuda kwekushisa kunowira pasi penzvimbo yekunyungudika, kudzivirira kupera kwekuita kwekuzadza mold. , saka jekiseni rinomhanya-mhanya rinofanirwa kushandiswa, kunyanya kune mativi matete-ane madziro kana mativi ekuyerera akareba.Uye zvakare, kumhanyisa mold kuzadza zvakare kunounza dambudziko rekupedza simba, nylon mold inofanirwa kunge iine akaringana ekupedza matanho.
Nylon ine yakanyanya kufa tembiricha zvinodiwa pane general thermoplastics.Kazhinji kutaura, tembiricha yakakwira mold inokodzera kuyerera.Zvakakosha zvikuru kune zvikamu zvakaoma.Dambudziko nderekuti kunyungudika kutonhora mwero mushure mekuzadza gomba kune yakakosha mhedzisiro pachimiro uye zvimiro zvezvimedu zvenylon.Kunyanya inorara mukristalllization yayo, kana iri mukupisa kwepamusoro mune amorphous state mugomba, crystallization yakatanga, saizi yecrystallization rate inoenderana nepamusoro uye yakaderera mold tembiricha uye kupisa kwekushisa.Kana zvikamu zvitete zvine kureba kwakakwirira, kujeka kwakanaka uye kuomarara zvichidikanwa, tembiricha yekuumbwa inofanira kunge yakadzikira kudzikisa dhigirii rekristaro.Kana rusvingo gobvu nehupamhi hwakaoma, zvakanaka kupfeka kuramba uye diki deformation mukushandiswa inodiwa, tembiricha yekuumbwa inofanira kunge yakakwira kuti iwedzere dhigirii recrystallization.Nylon mold tembiricha inodiwa yakakwira, izvi imhaka yekuti kuumba kwayo shrinkage rate yakakura, kana ichichinja kubva kune yakanyungudutswa kuenda kune yakasimba state vhoriyamu shrinkage yakakura kwazvo, kunyanya kune gobvu madziro zvigadzirwa, mold tembiricha yakadzikira zvinokonzeresa gap remukati.Chete kana tembiricha yekuumbwa ichidzorwa zvakanaka inogona kukura kwezvikamu kuve zvakanyanya kugadzikana.
Iyo tembiricha yekudzora huwandu hwenylon mold ndeye 20 ℃ ~ 90 ℃.Zvakanakisisa kuva nezvose zvinotonhora (zvakadai semvura yepombi) uye kudziyisa (zvakadai seplug-in electric heat rod) mudziyo.
Anealing uye humidification
Kuti ushandise tembiricha yakakwira kupfuura 80 ℃ kana kunyatsoita zvinodiwa zvezvikamu, mushure mekuumbwa kunofanirwa kuvharirwa mumafuta kana parafini.The annealing tembiricha inofanira kuva 10 ℃ ~ 20 ℃ yakakwirira kupfuura tembiricha sevhisi, uye nguva inofanira kuva anenge 10min ~ 60min maererano ukobvu.Mushure mekuvhara, inofanira kutonhodzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.Mushure mekuvhara uye kurapwa kwekupisa, hombe nylon crystal inogona kuwanikwa, uye kuomarara kunovandudzwa.Crystallized zvikamu, density shanduko idiki, kwete deformation uye kuputika.Izvo zvikamu zvakagadziriswa nekamwe kutonhora nzira zvine yakaderera crystallinity, diki kristaro, yakakwirira kuoma uye pachena.
Kuwedzera nucleating agent yenylon, jekiseni rekugadzira rinogona kuburitsa hombe crystallinity crystal, inogona kupfupisa jekiseni kutenderera, kujeka uye kusimba kwezvikamu zvakagadziridzwa.
Shanduko muhunyoro hwemukati hunogona kushandura saizi yezvidimbu zvenaironi.Nylon pachayo shrinkage rate yakakwira, kuitira kuchengetedza yakanyanya kugadzikana, inogona kushandisa mvura kana aqueous solution kugadzira kurapa kwakanyorova.Iyo nzira ndeyekunyudza zvikamu mumvura inopisa kana potassium acetate aqueous solution (chiyero che potassium acetate nemvura ndeye 1.25: 100, 121 ℃), nguva yekunyura inoenderana nehupamhi hwemadziro ezvikamu, 1.5mm 2h. , 3mm 8h, 6mm 16h.Humidification kurapwa inogona kuvandudza chimiro chekristaro chepurasitiki, kuvandudza kuomarara kwezvikamu, uye kugadzirisa kugovera kwekushushikana kwemukati, uye mhedzisiro yacho iri nani pane kurapwa kweannealing.
Nguva yekutumira: 03-11-22